Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Quoted as waina ~ waine in [Bleek 1956: 251].
NUMBER:2
WORD:ashes
Hadza:ɦó=cʼò-wà-kʰò1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 197. Quoted as ɦócʼó- in [Sands 1998: 186]. Feminine gender. Initial ɦó= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as hócʼō-kò in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 314]; as hocʼo-wa-ko in [Dempwolff 1917: 322].
NUMBER:3
WORD:bark
Hadza:ɦé=kʼwà-pʰè1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. Polysemy: 'bark / shell / rind / crust'. Quoted as ɦèkʼwá- in [Sands 1998: 186]. Masculine gender. Final -pʰè is the plural marker; word-initial ɦé= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as gwa-pe in [Bleek 1956: 53] (initial ɦe= is either incorrectly segmented out or genuinely missing in this dialectal variant).
NUMBER:4
WORD:belly
Hadza:ɦo=ča-ko1
Sands Ms. Word-initial ɦo= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as ha=cʼa-ko ~ ho=ča-ko ~ hu=ǯa-go ~ u=ǯa-go in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as čaː ~ ča-ko in [Bleek 1956: 224] (without the "fossilized" syllable).
NUMBER:5
WORD:big
Hadza:pákàpàʔá-à1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Quoted as pákàpáʔà in [Sands 1998: 186]. Quoted as pakapaʔa in [Dempwolff 1917: 324]; as pakapaá 'big, old' in [Bleek 1956: 156]. The latter source also lists the forms paː ~ paː-ku ~ paː-na in the meaning 'old, grown-up, great, much, very' - this is probably the original, non-reduplicated, form of the stem.
NUMBER:6
WORD:bird
Hadza:tʰítʰí-1
Sands 1998: 186. Feminine gender. Alternate synonym: cʼélàlò- 'bird' [Sands 1998: 200], quoted as cealo ~ celealo ~ celoalo in [Bleek 1956: 214]. In [Dempwolff 1917: 322], an entirely different word is listed: mudwiya 'bird' - possibly the same as mudiga 'vulture' in [Sands Ms.]?
NUMBER:7
WORD:bite
Hadza:kàƛʼˈé-ʔ1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 201. Quoted as kàƛʼé- 'bite, chew' in [Sands 1998: 186]; as kakxle 'to bite' in [Bleek 1956: 78]; cf. also ƛʼeko ~ ƛʼekwa 'to bite' in [Bleek 1956: 94] - it is not clear how these forms relate to kakxle. Entirely different equivalent for 'to bite' quoted in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 312]: ǀʼàkwá-; cf. ǀʼakʼwe 'to swallow' in [Sands Ms.].
NUMBER:8
WORD:black
Hadza:tíčʼì-yé-yà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Quoted as tìčʼì- in [Sands 1998: 186]. Quoted as tīɕʼī in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 315]; as diči in [Bleek 1956: 26].
NUMBER:9
WORD:blood
Hadza:ʔá=tʰàmˈá-à1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Quoted as ʔá=tʰàmˈá- in [Sands 1998: 186]. Masculine gender. Word-initial ʔá= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as átʰāmà in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 314]; as atamá in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as átama, pl. átama-be in [Bleek 1956: 2].
NUMBER:10
WORD:bone
Hadza:mìƛʼá-à1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 199. Quoted as míƛʼâ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 314]; as miǀǀa ~ miƛʼa in [Dempwolff 1917: 320].
NUMBER:11
WORD:breast
Hadza:ɦo=čʼo-pe1
Sands Ms. Meaning glossed as 'chest (the whole area from the bottom of the ribs up to the bottom of the neck)'. Word-initial ɦo= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Cf. ʔìrìbá- 'breast' (female) in [Sands 1998: 186] (= írībá-kò 'breast' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 314]). Alternately, cf. kxʼaca 'chest' in [Dempwolff 1917: 320].
NUMBER:12
WORD:burn tr.
Hadza:mùlì-1
Sands 1998: 187.
NUMBER:13
WORD:claw(nail)
Hadza:baɬu-ko1
Sands Ms. Polysemy: 'fingernail / toenail / claw / thumb / big toe'. Quoted as báɬú-kô 'thumb' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 315]; as baɬu, pl. buɬu-pe in [Bleek 1956: 15].
NUMBER:14
WORD:cloud
Hadza:màlùndì--1
Sands 1998: 187. Masculine gender. Quoted as malunte-pe ~ marundi-pi 'clouds' in [Bleek 1956: 134, 135]. A transparent borrowing from Bantu (cf. Proto-Bantu *-dụ̀ndè 'cloud').
NUMBER:15
WORD:cold
Hadza:ɳǀǀàƛʼˈá-nè-yà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198.
NUMBER:16
WORD:come
Hadza:ʒá-ʔà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 195. Alternate synonym: bòčˈó-ʔò [ibid.]; the semantic difference is not explained. Quoted as ʒáʔà 'come!' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 314]; as ʒà 'to come' in [Bleek 1956: 30].
NUMBER:17
WORD:die
Hadza:tàǀǀʼì-ʔì̥1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 201. Cf. the quasi-synonym: ǀǀò 'to die off, to be finished off' [Sands 1998: 208]. Another, entirely different, synonym, is observed as: misi-amo 'to die' [Dempwolff 1917: 325] = missi ~ misi 'to die, be killed' [Bleek 1956: 137].
NUMBER:18
WORD:dog
Hadza:ǀǀáʔànò-wà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 199. Quoted as ǀǀʰáʔànò in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 316]; as ƛáːno-a in [Dempwolff 1917: 322] (with an erroneous lateral affricate instead of the lateral click); as ǀǀkxaánó in [Bleek 1956: 602].
NUMBER:19
WORD:drink
Hadza:fá-ʔà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 195. Quoted as fuá ~ fuá-ta in [Bleek 1956: 40]; as fwa-ta kela 'to drink water' in [Dempwolff 1917: 325].
NUMBER:20
WORD:dry
Hadza:ǀǀʼape1
Sands Ms. Used as an adjective or as a verb ('to dry'). Quoted as ǀǀʼape 'to be dry, fine (of weather)' in [Bleek 1956: 517].
NUMBER:21
WORD:ear
Hadza:ɦà=čʼàpìčʼì-kʰò1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 176. Quoted as ɦàšʼàpìčʼí- in [Sands 1998: 187]. Feminine gender. Word-initial ɦà= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as hácʼāpīcʼì-kò ~ hācʼápīcʼī-kò in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 311]; as hatχaputχia-ko ~ haǯapıǯia in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as čapiči in [Bleek 1956: 225] (without the prefixal component ha= ?).
NUMBER:22
WORD:earth
Hadza:yámùʔˈá-à1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. Meaning glossed as 'country, land'; but quoted as yámù- 'soil, earth' in [Sands 1998: 187]. Feminine gender. Quoted as yamoa ~ yamoa-bi 'earth' in [Bleek 1956: 72]. Cf. Iraqw yaːmu 'earth, world, below' and other similar forms in South Cushitic languages; it is quite likely that the Hadza item is a borrowing from Cushitic, although the reverse is not excluded either.
NUMBER:23
WORD:eat
Hadza:sémè-ʔè1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 195. May also be phonetically realized as sɛ́mè-. Cf. also sèmé-yà 'food' [ibid.: 197]. Quoted as sɛ́mɛ̀- ~ sɛ́mè- 'to eat', sɛ̄mɛ̀ 'food' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 309, 314]; seme-da ~ seme-ya in [Dempwolff 1917: 325]; as sama ~ seme ~ sɛmɛ in [Bleek 1956: 163].
NUMBER:24
WORD:egg
Hadza:ʔu=ɬe-ko1
Sands Ms. Word-initial ʔu= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as uɬe ~ uɬi-a-ku in [Bleek 1956: 249].
NUMBER:25
WORD:eye
Hadza:ʔà=kʰwá-à-kʰò1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Quoted as ʔàkʰwà- in [Sands 1998: 187]. Feminine gender. Word-initial ʔà= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as akʰwá in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as akwa-ko, pl. akwa-pe ~ akwa-pi in [Bleek 1956: 8].
NUMBER:26
WORD:fat n.
Hadza:ɦì=cʼá-pʰè1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 197. Polysemy: 'fat / oil'. Quoted as ɦìcʼá- in [Sands 1998: 187]. Masculine gender. Final -pʰè is the plural marker; word-initial ɦì= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as hicʼa-pe in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as ica-be in [Bleek 1956: 70].
NUMBER:27
WORD:feather
Hadza:ɦai-ya-ko1
Sands Ms. Cf. the plural form: ɦayi-pi. Quoted as hai, pl. hái-pi 'feather, wing' in [Bleek 1956: 56]. In the light of Iraqw hayy, the word is highly likely to be a borrowing from Cushitic, although the opposite direction of borrowing is not fully excluded.
NUMBER:28
WORD:fire
Hadza:cʼòkó-wà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. Quoted as cʼòkʼò- in [Sands 1998: 187]. Masculine gender. Quoted as cʼoko-wa in [Dempwolff 1917: 322]; as cʼɔko 'wood, firewood, ashes, fire' in [Bleek 1956: 219].
NUMBER:29
WORD:fish
Hadza:ǀʼàmá-à1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 199. Quoted as ǀʼàmâ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 318]; as ǀama in [Bleek 1956: 269]; in [Dempwolff 1917: 322], the word ǀamá is, probably erroneously, translated as 'frog' ('Frosch' instead of 'Fisch' - maybe simply a typo?).
NUMBER:30
WORD:fly v.
Hadza:hukwa1
Sands Ms. Polysemy: 'to fly / to jump'. Cf. also pululu 'to fly off' [ibid.]. Entirely different word listed in [Bleek 1956: 205]: ƛʼeƛʼehe 'to fly' (no straightforward equivalents in newer data).
NUMBER:31
WORD:foot
Hadza:ʔú=pʰúkʰwà-à1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Meaning glossed as 'leg'. Word-initial ʔú= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations (cf. the same situation with 'hand' q.v.). Cf. also pàtákùšé-yà 'palm of hand; sole of foot' [ibid.]. Quoted as ʔàpùkwà 'leg, thigh' in [Sands 1998: 186]. Quoted as apúkwà 'leg' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 314]; apukwa-ko ~ apʰukwa 'leg' in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as fukwa ~ upukwa 'leg, hind leg, foot, footprint' in [Bleek 1956: 40, 249].
Sands 1998: 187. Quoted as kwe ~ kwa-kwa in [Sands Ms.]. Quoted as kwi ~ kwe-ko in [Bleek 1956: 112, 114].
NUMBER:34
WORD:good
Hadza:cʼìʔèʔè-nà1
Sands 1998: 187. In [Dempwolff 1917: 324], a different word is listed: nupe-iya 'good' = núbe ~ nubé-ya 'sweet, fine, good' in [Bleek 1956: 149]. This is probably 'good to the taste' than simply 'good' in general.
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 199. The form is actually plural (it contains the plural marker -pʰè). Quoted as ɦáƛʼè- in [Sands 1998: 187]. Feminine gender. Word-initial ɦá= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as háƛʼɛ̄-bɛ̂ʔ 'hair' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 315]; as haƛe-pé in [Dempwolff 1917: 320].
NUMBER:37
WORD:hand
Hadza:ʔù=kʰwˈà-pʰì1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. The form is really plural (with the plural marker -pʰì). Cf. ʔù=kʰwˈà-kò 'arm' [ibid.]. Quoted as ʔùkʰwˈà- 'hand (m.), arm (f.)' in [Sands 1998: 188]. Word-initial ʔù= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations (cf. the same ʔu= in 'foot, leg' q.v.). Quoted as úkʰwá-kò 'arm', úkʰwá-bìʔ 'fingers' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 316]; as ukwà-ko 'arm', ukʋǎ 'finger' in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as ukwa ~ ukwa-ko 'hand, finger, arm, foreleg' in [Bleek 1956: 248].
NUMBER:38
WORD:head
Hadza:ƛómà-à-kʰò1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 200. Quoted as ƛʼómà- in [Sands 1998: 188]. Feminine gender. Quoted as ǀǀōma ~ ƛʼoma in [Dempwolff 1917: 319]; as ƛʼoma ~ ǀǀkxɔma in [Bleek 1956: 94, 607]. It seems that the primary initial consonant is the ejective affricate ƛʼ, but it is interesting to note the attested variation between ejective affricate and click articulation in the records of both Bleek and Dempwolff.
NUMBER:39
WORD:hear
Hadza:ɳǀǀˈáʔè-ʔ1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 201. Quoted as ɳǀǀáʔɛ̀- in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 312]; as ɳǀǀae in [Bleek 1956: 613].
NUMBER:40
WORD:heart
Hadza:ŋkólò-wà-kʰò-1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Quoted as ŋkólò- in [Sands 1998: 188]. Feminine gender. Quoted as ŋkʰɔ̀lɔ̀ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 315]. A transparent borrowing from Bantu (cf. Proto-Bantu *=kódò 'heart'; Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn suggest Sukuma as the actual source). There is yet another synonym with the meaning 'heart': asači-ko ~ asaši-ko [Sands Ms.]. The difference between the two terms is unclear; it seems probable that ŋkólò- is the newer (borrowed) word, while asači- is the more archaic term, but it is the former that gets more frequently quoted as the basic equivalent for 'heart'.
NUMBER:41
WORD:horn
Hadza:lòʔò-pʰè1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 197. The form is really plural ('horns'), since it contains the plural marker -pʰè. Quoted as loʔo-wa-ko in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as lɔ-a-ko, pl. lɔː-be ~ lɔː-pe 'horn, feeler' in [Bleek 1956: 130].
NUMBER:42
WORD:I
Hadza:ʔono1
Sands Ms. Masculine form; the feminine form is ʔono-ko. Quoted as onu in [Dempwolff 1917: 325]; as on ~ ona ~ ɔna ~ ɔno ~ ɔnɔ ~ ɔne-ne in [Bleek 1956: 154].
NUMBER:43
WORD:kill
Hadza:ǀǀˈó-wè-ʔ1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 201. Quoted as ǀǀó- in [Sands 1998: 188]. Quoted as ǀǀówà- ~ ǀǀòwà- in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 312]; as ǀǀo-taː in [Dempwolff 1917: 325]; as ǀǀʼo ~ ǀǀkxɔ ~ ǀǀkxo ~ ǀǀkxɔ-na in [Bleek 1956: 606, 608, 624]. Cf. a different word with the same meaning in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 312]: ɬówà-, with no parallels in other sources.
NUMBER:44
WORD:knee
Hadza:gùlìŋgùrí-yà-kʰò1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Meaning glossed as 'kneecap'. May also be phonetically realized as gùlùŋgùrì-. Quoted as gúrūŋgūrī 'knee cap' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 315]; as gùrùŋgùrì- 'knee' in [Sands 1998: 188]; as guruŋguri 'knee' in [Bleek 1956: 52] (the alternate variant ɡǀurunɡǀuri-ya in [Bleek 1956: 284], with completely unexpected dental clicks, must be a mistake).
NUMBER:45
WORD:know
Hadza:cʼàɦà-ʔè1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 195. May also be phonetically realized as cʼáɦè-. Quoted as ca in [Bleek 1956: 210].
NUMBER:46
WORD:leaf
Hadza:ɦá=cʼàpʰì-pʰì1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. Plural form ('leaves'); -pʰì is the plural marker. The first syllable ɦá= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as hacápe 'leaf' in [Bleek 1956: 58].
NUMBER:47
WORD:lie
Hadza:ʔase1
Sands Ms. Meaning glossed as 'to sleep, to lie down'; cf. also ʔase-po 'to dream'. Quoted as áse 'to sleep' in [Bleek 1956: 11] (cited examples rather suggest the meaning 'to lie' than 'to sleep').
NUMBER:48
WORD:liver
Hadza:ǀǀʼè-yà-kʰò1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 200.
NUMBER:49
WORD:long
Hadza:tʰàsé-yà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Polysemy: 'tall / long'. Quoted as tʰāsɛ̂ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 314]; as tʰase-iya in [Dempwolff 1917: 324]; as tákasi 'long', tasse 'long, tall' in [Bleek 1956: 189, 193] (the root form *tʰase- may thus be a contracted variant of *tʰakase-).
NUMBER:50
WORD:louse
Hadza:ǀʼámˈácʼì-yà-kʰò1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 200. Quoted as ǀʼámácʼì-kô in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 310].
NUMBER:51
WORD:man
Hadza:ɬèmé-yà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 197. May also be phonetically realized as ɬɛ̀mè-yà. Quoted as ɬèmè in [Sands 1998: 186]. Quoted as ɬeme-ya in [Dempwolff 1917: 321]; as tɬeme (spelled txleme) 'man, boy, male' in [Bleek 1956: 245].
NUMBER:52
WORD:many
Hadza:luƛʼuʔe1
Sands Ms. Alternate synonym: muƛʼe- [ibid.]. Cf. also aso 'many, much, big, tall' in [Bleek 1956: 11] = aso- 'lots, a lot of, a large amount of' [Sands Ms.].
NUMBER:53
WORD:meat
Hadza:màná-à-kʰò1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. Quoted as mànà-kò 'meat, flesh' in [Sands 1998: 186]. Feminine gender. Quoted as mana ~ man 'meat, body, game' in [Bleek 1956: 135].
NUMBER:54
WORD:moon
Hadza:sˈétʰà-à-1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. May also be phonetically realized as sèːtʰàː. Quoted as séètà in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 310]; as seta in [Dempwolff 1917: 322]; as sɛ́ta in [Bleek 1956: 167]. A rather transparent borrowing from South Nilotic (cf. especially Datooga šeːda).
NUMBER:55
WORD:mountain
Hadza:ǀǀʼùƛʼè-yà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 200. Meaning glossed as 'mountain, hill'. Quoted as ǀǀuƛʼê 'hill' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 311]; as ǀǀulle-ya-be 'hill' in [Bleek 1956: 628] (plural form).
NUMBER:56
WORD:mouth
Hadza:ʔá=wànìká-à1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Quoted as ʔàwànìkà- in [Sands 1998: 186]. Word-initial ʔá= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as awatia-ko in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as awanika-ku 'beak, mouth' in [Bleek 1956: 12].
NUMBER:57
WORD:name
Hadza:
Not attested properly. Cf. ʔakana-be 'to be called' [Sands Ms.]; in [Bleek 1956: 7], the form akana-be is translated as 'name' - it is possible that no separate noun for 'name' exists in Hadza.
NUMBER:58
WORD:neck
Hadza:ǀútì-yà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 200. Quoted as ǀútʰì- in [Sands 1998: 186]. Quoted as ǀʰútì in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 318]; as ǀoti in [Bleek 1956: 321]. The form ǀǀʋχwa-ko 'neck' in [Dempwolff 1917: 320] really means 'throat', 'voice', as is seen from newer, more reliable sources.
NUMBER:59
WORD:new
Hadza:ʒana1
Sands Ms.
NUMBER:60
WORD:night
Hadza:cʼìfì-yà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. Quoted as cʼìfì- in [Sands 1998: 187]. Masculine gender. Quoted as cʼífî in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 314]; as cʼefiya in [Dempwolff 1917: 322]; as cifu ~ cifu-a in [Bleek 1956: 217].
NUMBER:61
WORD:nose
Hadza:ʔì=ntʰàwè-1
Sands 1998: 187. Masculine gender. Word-initial ʔì= segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as íntʰàwɛ̀ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 314]; as ı=ntawé in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as ndawe ~ ntawe ~ ntawa 'nose, beak, nostrils, trunk' in [Bleek 1956: 144, 149] (possibly a variant without the prefixed ʔi= or the result of improper segmentation).
NUMBER:62
WORD:not
Hadza:ʔakw-1
Sands Ms. Quoted as akwá ~ akwé in [Bleek 1956: 8].
NUMBER:63
WORD:one
Hadza:ʔì=čámè-yà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. Word-initial ʔì= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as itχame-ya in [Dempwolff 1917: 324]; as ičame ~ čame in [Bleek 1956: 70, 225].
NUMBER:64
WORD:person
Hadza:ʔúnù-1
Sands 1998: 187. Quoted as únù in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 314]; as uno-wa ~ unu-wa in [Dempwolff 1917: 321]; as unu, pl. unu-bi 'person, man' in [Bleek 1956: 248].
NUMBER:65
WORD:rain
Hadza:ʔa=ti-ya1
Sands Ms. Same root as 'water' q.v. (so the root consonant is probably tʰ). Word-initial ʔà= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as ātî in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 314]; as atí-gia in [Dempwolff 1917: 322]; see 'water' for the forms in D. Bleek's dictionary.
NUMBER:66
WORD:red
Hadza:tese-1
Sands Ms. Quoted as tisi-uni-ya-ko in [Dempwolff 1917: 324]; as tekise ~ tissi ~ tissi-uni in [Bleek 1956: 197, 204]. The variant tekise shows that tese- may be a contraction (for a very similar situation, see 'long').
NUMBER:67
WORD:road
Hadza:yeké-ya-ko1
Dempwolff 1917: 323. Confirmed as yeki 'path', pl. yeke-pe in [Bleek 1956: 72].
NUMBER:68
WORD:root
Hadza:wili-pi1
Sands Ms. The final -pi is probably the plural suffix. Different word listed under the meaning 'root' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 311]: ǀǀúƛʼè ~ ǀǀúƛʼê (= ǀǀuƛʼe 'sp. root, can be used to make soap and is poisonous to eat' in [Sands Ms.]; hence, it seems that this is not a generic term for 'root').
NUMBER:69
WORD:round
Hadza:
Not attested.
NUMBER:70
WORD:sand
Hadza:cʼawa-pe1
Sands Ms. Meaning glossed as 'sands' (-pe is the plural suffix).
NUMBER:71
WORD:say
Hadza:ɦè-1
Sands 1998: 187. In [Sands Ms.], the meaning of this stem is glossed as 'to tell, to say'. Entirely different word listed in [Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 195]: ƛʼòʒò-ʔò; in [Sands Ms.], this word is glossed as 'to speak, to say, to tell, to utter'; cf. ƛʼōʒōʔó 'speak!' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 316].
NUMBER:72
WORD:see
Hadza:ǀˈì-yé-ʔ1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 201. Quoted as ǀì- in [Sands 1998: 187] (with a different click efflux); as ǀi ~ ǀi-a in [Bleek 1956: 315]; as ǀʰíyá- in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 312].
NUMBER:73
WORD:seed
Hadza:
Not attested properly. Cf. ǀʼɔtuku 'seeds' in [Bleek 1956: 357]; however, the same word is glossed as ǀʼutukʼu-ko 'baobab seeds' in [Sands Ms.].
NUMBER:74
WORD:sit
Hadza:ɦama1
Sands Ms. Cf. also ɦame 'to be sitting' [ibid.]. Quoted as hamaː in [Dempwolff 1917: 325]; as hamá in [Bleek 1956: 57].
NUMBER:75
WORD:skin
Hadza:ʔá=ɦˈú-wà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Quoted as ʔàɦù- in [Sands 1998: 187]. Word-initial ʔá= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as ʔāhú 'skin of man or elephant' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 313]; as ahua in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as ahu-pe 'skin of body' (plural form) in [Bleek 1956: 12].
NUMBER:76
WORD:sleep
Hadza:ǀǀʼúpì-1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 201. Quoted as ǀǀúpì- in [Sands 1998: 187] (with a different click efflux). Alternate synonym: ʔàsè-ʔè [Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 201]. Quoted as ǀǀʰúpʰí- 'to sleep' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 312]; as ǀǀŭpi-ta 'to sleep' in [Dempwolff 1917: 325]; as ǀǀuːpi 'to lie, sleep' in [Bleek 1956: 593].
NUMBER:77
WORD:small
Hadza:kʼùmì-1
Sands 1998: 187. Quoted as ǀǀumi-a (with an erroneous lateral click instead of the ejective velar) in [Dempwolff 1917: 324]; as kɔmi 'small, young' in [Bleek 1956: 99].
NUMBER:78
WORD:smoke
Hadza:cʼìkʼó-wà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. Quoted as cʼíkʼò in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 315]; as cʼíkxo-wa in [Dempwolff 1917: 322].
NUMBER:79
WORD:stand
Hadza:ʔìkà-1
Sands 1998: 187. Quoted as ika 'to live, stand' in [Bleek 1956: 69].
NUMBER:80
WORD:star
Hadza:ncà-à-kʰò1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. May also be phonetically realized as cà-kʰò. Quoted as cʰà- ~ ncʰà- in [Sands 1998: 187]. Feminine gender. In [Dempwolff 1917: 322], the word for 'star' is listed as toha-ko - perhaps a misprint for *tcha-ko = ča-ko?
NUMBER:81
WORD:stone
Hadza:ɦà=!ʼá-à-kʰò1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 200. Meaning glossed as 'rock'. Quoted as ɦà!ʼá- 'rock, stone' in [Sands 1998: 187]. Word-initial ɦà= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as háŋʔ!ʼâ 'rock' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 318]; as ha!a 'mountain', ha!a-ko 'stone' in [Dempwolff 1917: 322]; as han-!a 'stone, hill' in [Bleek 1956: 57]. Cf. ǀàǀˈá-à 'flat rock' [Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 199] = ǀá-ǀʰâ 'flat rock' [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 318].
NUMBER:82
WORD:sun
Hadza:ʔì=šó-wà-kʰò1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. Quoted as ʔìšò- in [Sands 1998: 187]. Feminine gender. Word-initial ʔi= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural reasons. Quoted as íšò 'day time', íšó-kò 'sun' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 315]; as išɔ-wa-ko in [Dempwolff 1917: 322]; as išo ~ išo-ko ~ išo-wa 'sun, day' in [Bleek 1956: 70].
NUMBER:83
WORD:swim
Hadza:
Not attested.
NUMBER:84
WORD:tail
Hadza:cʼáɦˈó-wà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Quoted as cáho-wa in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as caho ~ cau in [Bleek 1956: 211, 213].
NUMBER:85
WORD:that1
Hadza:bV-1
Sands Ms. This is the "intermediate" deictic form (indicates location near referent). The complete paradigm is: masc. sg. ba-mi, masc. pl. b-iʔi, fem. sg. bo-ko, fem. pl. b-eʔe.
NUMBER:85
WORD:that2
Hadza:na2
Sands Ms. This is the "distal" deictic form. The complete paradigm is: masc. sg. hi=na, masc. pl. na-biʔi, fem. sg. na-ko, fem. pl. na-beʔe. In [Dempwolff 1917: 325], the meaning 'that' is rendered with the obscure form šakasé.
NUMBER:86
WORD:this
Hadza:ha-1
Sands Ms. The complete paradigm is: masc. sg. ha-ma, masc. pl. ha-biʔi, fem. sg. ha-ko, fem. pl. ha-beʔe. Quoted as ha-ina 'this' in [Dempwolff 1917: 325]; as masc. sg. ha-wa ~ ha-ba, masc. pl. ha-bi, fem. sg. ha-ko ~ ha-ku, fem. pl. ha-be in [Bleek 1956: 55].
NUMBER:87
WORD:thou
Hadza:te1
Sands Ms. Masculine form; the feminine form is te-ko. Quoted as tʰe in [Dempwolff 1917: 325]; as te in [Bleek 1956: 197].
NUMBER:88
WORD:tongue
Hadza:ɳǀˈátà-à1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 202. Quoted as ɳǀátʰâ- in [Sands 1998: 188]. Quoted as ɳǀátà in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 318]; as ɳǀātā in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as ɳǀata-ku in [Bleek 1956: 344].
NUMBER:89
WORD:tooth
Hadza:ʔá=ɦá-pʰè1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Quoted as ʔáɦà- in [Sands 1998: 188]. The form is really plural ('teeth', with the plural marker -pʰè); word-initial ʔá= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as ʔáhā 'tooth, tusk', ʔáhā-kò 'back tooth' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 316]; as áha-pe 'teeth' in [Dempwolff 1917: 320]; as aha-pi 'teeth, tusks' in [Bleek 1956: 6].
NUMBER:90
WORD:tree
Hadza:cʼìtí-yà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. Quoted as cʼìtì- in [Sands 1998: 188]. Masculine gender. Quoted as cʼiti-ya in [Dempwolff 1916: 322]; as ceti 'tree, bush, plant, wood, veg. medicine' in [Bleek 1956: 215].
NUMBER:91
WORD:two
Hadza:píyè-pʰè1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. May also be phonetically realized as pʰíyɛ̀-pʰè. Quoted as pìyè- in [Sands 1998: 188]. Quoted as piye-pi ~ piː-pi in [Dempwolff 1917: 324]; as piɛ ~ pie-be ~ pie-pi ~ pie-pe in [Bleek 1956: 158].
NUMBER:92
WORD:walk (go)
Hadza:hàká-ʔà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 195. Quoted as ɦàkà- in [Sands 1998: 187]. Quoted as hàká- in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 312]; as haka-mo 'to go' in [Dempwolff 1917: 325]; as hákʰa ~ haka 'to go, bring' and akʰá 'to go' in [Bleek 1956: 7, 57].
NUMBER:93
WORD:warm (hot)
Hadza:!ome1
Sands Ms. Meaning glossed as 'hot (water or body)'; cf. also petene, simply glossed as 'hot'. Distinct from piti-piti- 'lukewarm, tepid'.
NUMBER:94
WORD:water
Hadza:ʔà=tʰí-pʰì1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 196. Quoted as ʔàtʰì- in [Sands 1998: 188]. Masculine gender. Final -pʰì is the plural suffix; word-initial ʔà= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as ati ~ ate ~ atiː-ye, pl. ate-bi ~ ate-vi ~ ati-bi 'water, rain' in [Bleek 1956: 2].
NUMBER:95
WORD:we
Hadza:u-1
Sands Ms. The complete paradigm is as follows: u-biʔi (masculine exclusive, with the pl. marker -biʔi); o-beʔe (feminine exclusive, with the pl. marker -beʔe; root vowel o- may be explained as the result of assimilative lowering); u-ni-biʔi, o-ne-beʔe (masc. and fem. inclusive respectively). The main root morpheme is the same in all cases - a labial monovocalic form. Quoted as o-be 'we' in [Dempwolff 1917: 325]; as o-be ~ ɔ-be ~ o-bi ('short form') in [Bleek 1956: 153] and o-ne-bi ~ ɔ-ne-bi ('full form') in [Bleek 1956: 154].
NUMBER:96
WORD:what
Hadza:akwa-ʒa1
Sands Ms. Meaning glossed as 'who, what'. The element -ʒa is tentatively identified as a suffix, cf. aku 'what kind, which'. In [Dempwolff 1917: 325], the form akúwaʔa is glossed as both 'what?' and 'who?'. In [Bleek 1956: 8], ákwa is simply marked as "interrogative", and akú is translated as 'who?'.
NUMBER:97
WORD:white
Hadza:pèƛʼáì-yà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Quoted as pèƛʼà- in [Sands 1998: 188]. Quoted as peƛʼai 'white' in [Bleek 1956: 157]; as peƛai-ya-ko 'black' in [Dempwolff 1917: 324] (sic!; comparison with all other sources shows that this is a glaring semantic mistake).
NUMBER:98
WORD:who
Hadza:ta-1
Sands Ms. Cf. tama ~ tame 'who?' in [Bleek 1956: 190]. Apparently, the form akwa-ʒa [Sands Ms.] can also function both in the function of the inanimate and the animate interrogative (see notes on 'what?'); the difference between akwa-ʒa in the meaning 'who' and ta- remains unclear.
NUMBER:99
WORD:woman
Hadza:ʔá=kʰwìtí-yà-kʰò1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 197. Quoted as ʔàkʰwìtì- in [Sands 1998: 188]. Initial ʔá= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as ákwītī-kô in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 316]; as akwéti-ya-ko in [Dempwolff 1917: 321]; as akwete ~ akweti ~ akwiti, pl. akwiti-be ~ akwiti-ve ~ akwe-ve ~ akiti-be 'woman, female, wife' in [Bleek 1956: 8].
NUMBER:100
WORD:yellow
Hadza:nayo-wa1
Sands Ms.
NUMBER:101
WORD:far
Hadza:ʔiča1
Sands Ms. Meaning glossed as 'far away'. Quoted as ičʼa in [Bleek 1956: 70] (with an interesting note: "the shorter and more stressed the čʼ, the farther it is".
NUMBER:102
WORD:heavy
Hadza:ɳǀapane-1
Sands Ms. Cf. in the same source also: ɳǀapani 'pregnant' (probably the same word). Quoted as ɳǀapare in [Bleek 1956: 344].
NUMBER:103
WORD:near
Hadza:kupa-na1
Sands Ms. Meaning glossed as 'close to, near to'. Quoted as kupa-na ~ kupa-ne 'to be near, approach, reach' in [Bleek 1956: 107].
NUMBER:104
WORD:salt
Hadza:mòɲódà-à-1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 197. May also be phonetically realized as mòɲòːdàː. Most likely borrowed from a Bantu source (cf. Proto-Bantu *=ɲu 'salt', with a class prefix).
NUMBER:105
WORD:short
Hadza:ǀʼìcʼé-yà1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 200. Quoted as ǀicʼe-iya in [Dempwolff 1917: 324].
NUMBER:106
WORD:snake
Hadza:ʔì=yátù-pʰì1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. Quoted as ʔìyáːtò- in [Sands 1998: 187]. Final -pʰì is the plural marker (so the meaning should be collective: 'snakes'); word-initial ʔì= is segmented as a fossilized prefix based on structural considerations. Quoted as íhátò 'snake' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 316]; as ihátɔ 'snake, one kind' in [Bleek 1956: 68]; it is not quite clear if ihiá 'snake' in [Dempwolff 1917: 322] is the same word - if yes, this would indicate that -tu- should also be understood as some sort of nominal suffix.
NUMBER:107
WORD:thin
Hadza:ɳǀolowi1
Sands Ms. Meaning glossed as 'to be thin, skinny'; cf. also ɳǀuluwi 'narrow' [ibid.].
NUMBER:108
WORD:wind
Hadza:cʼúčì-pʰì1
Sands, Maddieson & Ladefoged 1996: 198. The form is really plural (contains the plural marker -pʰì). Quoted as cʼutχe-pi in [Dempwolff 1917: 322]; as coče-pi in [Bleek 1956: 220], where cf. also cʼɔče-pi ~ cuti-pi 'to be cold' (phonetically similar word or extended semantics?).
NUMBER:109
WORD:worm
Hadza:kwicʼiri1
Sands Ms.
NUMBER:110
WORD:year
Hadza:ŋwaka-1
Sands Ms. Most likely borrowed from a Bantu source.
